with the RAF for the Trust - the death of Detlev Karsten Rohwedder
The company, died as his chief Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, was by order of the East German People's Chamber launched in early March 1990. On 8 March 1990 was the Official Gazette of the GDR, the "founding of the Institute for fiduciary management of public property (THA) is known." Purpose: "maintenance of public property. The creation of the THA had become necessary because the entire "people-owned" (state-owned) enterprises of the GDR with the resolution of workers 'and peasants' state suddenly "in the air "were hung. The trust company should take the time being "in trust" until they had a different, secure future can go to meet. How is "the formula for the maintenance of public property is" first saw the concept Trenhandanstalt to keep the plants in people's property, so that workers initially went out of it, the companies "were among them." Everywhere discussed teams, as they should now proceed with their "property". But those plans were overtaken by the march of events quickly. was under the Rcgierung de Maiziere from the trust purpose "of preserving people's assets" in the Official Gazette of 22 Juni1990 now "privatization and "Reorganization of State assets. The law bears the date of the previous day of German Unity, the 17th June 1990. For critics were to take respect "selling off and destruction" of the state-owned enterprises sealed, such as the writer Stefan Heym. (175: Heym: The World Week, August 8, 1991)
With the rapid transition of the world's largest industrial holding, "THA" also changed their bosses. The still used in the reign of Peter Moreth Modrow was first replaced by Rainer Gohlke, the chief West German federal workers, who seemed to be a driver of a state enterprise the right man for the management of state-owned enterprises. But with the the points of rapid privatization, reorganization of the best companies began his star to fall. For this daunting task was practically looking for somebody who represented the squaring of the circle, government and industry, employers and workers, east and west equally represented. What was needed was a kind of human interaction between government and industry.
She was found in Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, Chairman of the Board of Dortmund Hoesch AG and member of the SPD, top businessmen and former government official, "Westerner, but a native of" Ossi "(in Thuringia). When Rainer Gohlke end of August 1990, the towel threw Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, the ideal man appeared on the ejector seat of the trust leaders move up. He seemed not only an ideal combination to be out all the tricky position desired properties, but he was above all this too: the most distinguished corporate restructuring specialist of the Republic, the savior of Hoesch AG. His Gesundungskur for the troubled steel companies is legendary, never forget the time when Rohwedder the Hoesch group in a hopeless situation restructured, rehabilitated and has led back into the black. Since then, the man had a reputation as a brilliant renovators away. He was regarded as a secret weapon in such cases, help came to him while his "intermediary role" between employers and employees. He saw the same: The Trust job was "in this central location "Right between industry and government to his liking, Rohwedder said after taking office.
A political protégé of the legendary Economic and Finance Minister Karl Schiller served Rohwedder sixteen years, three other ministers (Schmidt, Friedrichs, Lambsdorff) as Secretary of State, until he took over in 1979 the job at Hoesch. As early as 1972, Rohwedder become a member of the SPD and could also apply in so far as a man of balance between workers and employers. "I thought Rohwedder time for a happy choice," said Rohwedder after death of the SPD in a financial expert Wolfgang Roth QUICK interview. (176: Quick of 11.12.1991) The taz Rohwedder later defended against in an obituary his murderer.
Rohwedder appeal could be understood as a political signal that around ten thousand "people-owned" enterprises of the GDR not to "simply silver," but also first to take serious efforts for their rehabilitation. If this would have been a success can be achieved, then Rohwedder.
was true that the "privatization" in addition to the "reorganization" of the national wealth invested in the trust law, but shortly before the murder to the refurbishment Rohwedder received by decision of the Bnndesregierung again more weight. For Rohwedder was not a surprise is to learn from the FAZ: "I have a hundred percent privatization have never thought possible held. Many companies would "emerge with a large government shareholding in the privatization process, estimates of the trust's CEO. A "pure-bred, mentally clean and uncluttered market economy was" conceivable for Rohwedder in the East, the FAZ (177: FAZ, 31.3.1991)
But Rohwedder took care not only to rehabilitation approaches and other subjects, the Trust Chairman had lower concentrations and. impact of upcoming developments on the workers. Rohwedder was concerned, Western monopoly corporations would be cheap dominant East VEBs snaffle and workers' rights to be overlooked. The sale of companies now set times ahead, the trust chief, "that we have to worry about possible effects on competition and social interests by employees." That was a lesson that Rohwedder in the tough battle between unions and the interests of the Hoesch group had learned .
privatize or restructure?
But the Treuhand spoke with a forked tongue, a major reason for the distrust that it was immediately met with from the public. Spokesperson of the Privatisation Group in the Trust Board was the former Minister of Economic Affairs of Lower Saxony Birgit Breuel. In an interview with the Frankfurter RUNFSCHAU of 20 October 1990, she said it was "in indeed "the object of the trust to redevelop all the companies first. could "The 'best renovation" to make a new, entrepreneurial acting owner. is why the trust "the principle. Privatize before redevelopment" Whether they actually have a social policy task asked the reporter. Breuel: "Not immediately. We have to move because the extent feasible. "Birgit Breuel
stood in the Trust Board is not alone. Gradually renovators Rohwedder ran into trouble in the committee, the trustee chairman threatened to once again prove to be an ejection seat. Thus, the Süddeutsche Zeitung reported on 31 October 1990 by "significant differences" the Trust-tip: should "be is" While Rohwedder believes that as many of its prospects farms first restored and then sold, set board colleague Birgit Breuel "quite a quick sale." In the circle of the seven board members are Rohwedder are even in a "minority position", the SZ. . Indeed, were the managers of the trust "divided hopelessly confirmed the SPIEGEL (178 Der Spiegel, 10/29/1990) While Rohwedder translate to" expensive renovations, "represent Birgit Breuel," known for its radical market position, "the motto:" Privatization is an urgent task. " Although beware Rohwedder, contrary to the Board colleague open handle, but far different: "The renovators of the Hoesch steel company as a trust-like head again as many companies afloat. rehabilitate Rohwedder more clearly outcropping strategy, as many companies directed by the Trust, has consequences that fit the moment no one in Bonn. The Trust Agency needs more money 'The Trust-Line will also Bonner market economists that a process of called creative destruction "does not" taste, estimates the SPIEGEL: "They are accused of Rohwedder, not enough to show toughness and long-bankrupt companies continue to lug around." Even a withdrawal of the recovery "of the year" (179: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 11.07.1990) has been public speculation. "Critics are attributable to the steel managers," the Süddeutsche Zeitung, (180: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 11.07.1990) it "the privatization of some eight thousand former socially owned enterprises and processing enterprises of the GDR to operate slowly and measure the recovery of the ailing company priority. "In fact, the privatization process was under Rohwedder sluggish end of February 1991, after seven months, only six hundred companies were sold, (181: The World, 2/21/1991) end of March, one thousand (182. Süddeutsche Zeitung, 18.03.1991 )
Rohwedder himself dismissed the reports of dissension in the trust back way. The work of the board is instead marked "harmony."
criticism from U.S.
But trust chief Rohwedder had its own board, not only in trouble, fire came from all sides. Thus ended a goodwill tour of the Trustee Chairman of the U.S. in late November 1990 with a belly landing. Rohwedder did to the American economy "an ambiguous response," left, reported the Handelsblatt. (183: Handelsblatt, 11.26.1990) While the U.S. managers were the procedures for the privatization of the eight companies for thousands of East Germans' too bureaucratic. Second, they believed that "to a lot of time to rescue the ailing East business "is wasted. In the United States to observe such HANDELSBLATT, "both the government and business managers with astonishment how complicated runs the privatization the eight thousand East German companies." While large companies have so few problems, believed mid-sized companies, "that they more or less of investment in eastern German companies would be excluded "because of the complicated procedures and requirements. Another problem from the U.S. perspective: the environmental "legacy" of the former East German companies. This problem must be solved politically, because otherwise potential customers from Foreign entry into the German economy is too expensive. "Frankly it sounds to the presumption that the Germans want to" stay away with the restrictive handling of potential customers from abroad, reports the Handelsblatt. For the elimination of environmental damage should pay the German government to do the U.S. managers. The Germans put the Americans to the visitor of the fiduciary institution the gun at his chest, would have to decide what was more important to them: The rapid privatization or the elimination of environmental damage. In addition to the "legacy" fear the U.S. business, the German labor laws and unions, both of which hinder the sale of East German companies foreign investors (184: Handelsblatt, 11.26.1990). Both are factors that Rohwedder not only learned to live, but he was also willing to include in the transformation process in eastern Germany. Indeed
shrink "the opaque bureaucracy" from many interested parties - "especially from abroad - also reports a week before the SPIEGEL Rohwedder death on 25 March 1991: The complaints about lack of interest of potential investors and delaying tactics of the Rohwedder troops, the news magazine, "accumulate." Not only the Americans, the British also met Rohwedder Trust policy on sick. The UK management consultant Economic Finance Ltd.. drove heavy artillery against the trustee and complained of "amateurism," the "establishment of new, Western-oriented cliques" and "even" brutal financial self-interest. Economic-finance director Peter Stähli complained that British investors in eastern Germany would not really into play. For him, another reason the "excessive bureaucracy within the Trust." These are not so much the unclear rules on the ownership issue, but it was "solely" the "lack of cooperation on the part of the trust," which burn the British on the nails.
British and Americans attacked Rohwedder therefore as hard because they are not related to the investment barriers in East Germany might believe in coincidence. They looked around in the acquisition of environmental burdens in the Federal Republic has long been a self-evident theme in corporate acquisitions, pure harassment, to prevent the establishment of British and American capital in the German market. , With the particular American companies own arrogance, they could also see in health and safety regulations and labor laws nothing more than nasty pitfalls on the way to participate in a new German economic miracle. That such provisions are actually for the employees had been made, they were not right in his mind.
was So to read in American newspapers, the Germans regarded the acquisition of the East German economic wealth alone as German matter, foreigners would be hampered, if not disturbed. In fact, noted the GERMAN GENERAL Sunday paper, trust board member Jens Odewald a visit to the U.S. began his remarks on the type of people "who are trying not to sell a product. In fact, it had to listen to the Americans, was all very difficult. "(185: General German Sunday newspaper, 10/19/1990)
But in addition to the massive criticism waiting to potential" investors "from the UK and the U.S. and also some suggestions on. An acceleration of the company sales would reach well, the Americans, if only the whole privatization "of private investment banks deliver that then work for a success fee." (186: Handelsblatt, 26.11.1990)
As these banks their fees only case of financial statements received, they would be interested to accelerate sales processes. Then the buyer would take over the redevelopment of the East German enterprises.
does all this: A few months after his official inaugural Rohwedder had already been cultivated. To many people watched his line is not the concept.
carbon must away
While the Trust Board mangled to the future strategy and Rohwedder abroad drew a beating, was the trust in the country a target of massive criticism and attacks not only from the left but also from the right, which was later forgotten you.
particular it was the CDU politician Geissler Biedenkopf Rohwedder on hard, Geissler threw to the Trust-president before even "failure".
main problem for the government and trust was but now that the social and political situation began to sharpen dramatically in eastern Germany and politicians from right and left a scapegoat for the impending disaster investigated. After the coal-shy election promises, no one will be worse after the turn, then reality showed its face - the labor market in the East broke down almost completely. The Federal Institute for Occupational expected an unemployment rate of thirty to fifty percent of the new states that are up to four million unemployed. The Kohl government was faced with bankruptcy. The
Montagsdemonstrtionen in the Bonners even still praised as an expression of democratic sentiment to lead, and started now face the federal coalition to judge themselves. The proven methods defamation and the cancellation of the protesters as "anarchists" or "troublemaker" is therefore prohibited. Finally, we had people yesterday for On-praised her desire against the Honecker government.
In view of the collapsing Ostwirtschaft feared the federal government "serious social unrest" (schedule). The coalition government had, that almost all the campaign promises proved to be untenable, came under heavy political and moral pressure. The "We-are-the-people"-people of the former East Germany, still equipped with a fresh and "revolutionary consciousness", threatened to rise a second time and immediately sweep away even a government. - Must be "carbon away, was the slogan of a Monday demonstration.
Even the SPD is now forced saw something like an opposition role to play by its president Björn Engholm demanded new elections, "Who loses the confidence of the people must face the confidence vote and announce new elections if necessary. This is the "the Basic Law prescribed route, waymarked Engholm the march towards his party. The government had were at their wits' end and the Social Democrats ready to take on the responsibility. This carbon also came under parliamentary pressure, the government threatened him business to get out of hand. The SPD parliamentary leader of Chancellor Kohl asked Bird to apologize to the people of East Germany. Others thought aloud about the formation of a grand coalition. Four months after the parliamentary elections of 2 December 1990 was the Bonn government on the edge. The situation threatened to get out of it, they even disappear in the maelstrom of events. The sensitivity of the new Ostbürger for empty promises and hollow phrases, the Bonn brought in the risk of power loss.
Only one could be like this did not impress in the least, the Chancellor himself was cooking While in the eastern states and bubbling carbon went calmly to the slimming down to Wolfgangsee. Although he planned to visit in Easter of the ex-GDR, but that no one could imagine such right: "Could you please advise the Registrar in good conscience, to confront the demonstrators in Leipzig they asked reporters five days before the Rohwedder's assassination? Brandenburg's Minister of Labour Regine Hildebrandt. Answer: "Coal can not recommend it at the moment. In Leipzig, the devil was going on. "(187: Star, 3/27/1991) But while in those heady days before Easter 1991 the Chancellor no one really can imagine the revolt in East Germany, this has no problems at the thought of the after the holidays approaching Ostbesuch. A television reporter, he intimates that he will complete his visit program for granted.
The "RAF" - "Stasi"-ghost
As luck would have it so, is there in those days before Easter next to the events in the East or a second major Media event: the "RAF" - "Stasi"-Connection. Just one weeks' before the assassination of Rohwedder wide television and magazines that "formidable alliance before its audience. Kicked off the avalanche of staff of the two free Femsehmagazins monitor, the anonymous quote from interrogation records of alleged secret police collaborators. There are those journalists who suffer with the allegations in her book The RAF-Stasi-Connection in court later several defeats. Although they present in monitor only "evidence" for a collaboration of "RAF" and "Stasi" in the early eighties, but sent it give the viewer by superimposing images of the recent attacks on Beckurts and Herrenhausen the impression that this alliance also responsible for future murders. The East German secret services had the West German underground fighters "also taught how to deal with light barriers detonators," acting in accordance with the SPIEGEL. (188: Spiegel, 14/1991) "photocell detonator" that there was in all probability, never. In the days before the attack on Rohwedder dominated the "RAF-Stasi-Connection, the first pages of the newspapers and the comments of the broadcasters." The "RAF-Stasi-Connection," in the provable substance an apparently unique target practice of "RAF" members in the GDR, the new specter of a reunified German state. With 'RAF' and "Stasi" are merged into one gigantic consciousness surgery two German Haßbegriffe second to none. The Ostbürger, so far without leaking into things, "RAF" more understanding, now the state and citizen hostility to this mysterious organization. If the "RAF" with the "Stasi" makes common cause, it can surely be to assess barely positive. In this mood, the people perish in the Easter holidays.
his staff in the Trust Detlev Karsten Rohwedder is a three-page letter with knowing the way, not that this should be his last. There, he bows to the market formula that "privatization is the best recovery plan was" before his Committed opponents, but also to the fact that closures are inevitable to stretch gently, "about time for the growth of new jobs to win." Company with future opportunities, which could not be privatized but said the trust's head "too firm" support. (189: Frankfurter Rundschau, 11.04.1991)
Breaking News
»Karlsruhe, 25 March (dpa). A few days because of decisions of the judge at the Supreme Court in Karlsruhe cells have been detained members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) scans in some prisons. (...) Lawyer Renate Trobitzsch from Hanover complained that the authorities during the searches of the cells to the correspondence of the prisoners were given special attention. In this case if it were writing, 'which had been passed by a two institution marks and read by <.«(190: Frankfurter Rundschau, 26.3.1991)Schüsse aus der DunkelheitAls der Treuhand-Chef am Vorabend seines Dienstantritts nach Ostern in Berlin, am Ostermontag, den 1. April 1991, um 23.30 Uhr mit dein Rücken zu einem Fenster im ersten Stock seines Düsseldorfer Hauses steht, trifft ihn ein tödlicher Schuß. Rohwedder fällt vornüber und ist augenblicklich tot. Bereits die Qualität dieses Schusses, abgefeuert aus ca. dreiundsechzig Metern Entfernung, ist von Interesse. Die Attentäter wollten offenbar nichts dem Zufall überlassen und brachten im ersten Versuch einen geradezu chirurgischen Treffer an. Das Projektil traf Wirbelsäule, Aorta, Speise- sowie Luftröhre des Treuhand-Präsidenten: ein Meisterschuß. Es erhebt sich nur die Frage, weshalb der Täter, der die Anatomie seines Opfers mit Sicherheit in Großaufnahme im Zielfernrohr hatte, noch zwei gänzlich unnütze Schüsse abfeuerte: einen auf Rohwedders Frau Hergard, die ins Zimmer gerannt kam, einen ins Bücherregal. (191: Peters, RAF, a.a.O., S. 407) Zumal das Opfer durch sein Ableben inzwischen mit Sicherheit aus dem Visier des Scharfschützen verschwunden war, ist nicht ohne weiteres verständlich, wieso er zusätzlich Frau Rohwedder verletzte und eine weitere Kugel in das Bücherregal setzte. Als Erklärung bietet sich hilfsweise an, daß der Täter die Professionalität seiner »Arbeit«, die bei einem einzigen tödlichen Schuß allzu offensichtlich gewesen wäre, verwischen wollte, indem er am Tatort zumindest für den Laien den Eindruck des »Herumballerns« erweckte. Unterm Strich kann jedoch kein Zweifel bleiben, daß es sich hier um einen ausgebildeten Schützen handelte, der die sofortige, tödliche Wirkung seines Schusses sehr genau kannte und über die Anatomie des menschlichen Körpers genau im Bilde war. Genau nach demselben Muster wurde 1986 der schwedische Ministerpräsident Olof Palme erschossen. Der Schuß zwischen die Schulterblätter ist bei Profis besonders beliebt, da er vier Lebensstränge gleichzeitig zerreißt.In dem Rohwedders Haus gegenüberliegenden Schrebergartengelände hatte(n) der oder die Täter wieder einmal - freiwillig - Spuren hinterlassen, deren Zusammenhang mit der Tat nur teilweise erkennbar ist. Nach drei Schüssen lagen dort »ordnungsgemäß«, laut dpa neben einem »Gartenstuhl«, drei Patronenhülsen des Kalibers 7,62 mal 51 Millimeter - NATO-Standard, aber auch für Jagdgewehre gut. Hier stellt sich bereits die Frage, weshalb die Täter die Patronenhülsen eigentlich liegenließen. Angesichts ihrer Professionalität muß man davon ausgehen, daß dies ganz bewußt geschehen ist, denn schließlich wurden bislang alle verwertbaren Spuren von ihnen offenbar vollständig beseitigt. Von Tätern bewußt hinterlassene Spuren sind aber in aller Regel falsche Spuren. Die Formulierung, daß die Patronenhülsen »neben« dem Gartenstuhl lagen, weist darauf hin, daß sie in unmittelbarer raumlicher Nähe beieinander lagen. Zu klären wäre hier, ob das bei dein kräftigen »Auswurf« eines NATO-FN-Gewehres überhaupt wahrscheinlich ist oder ob die Täter mit einer ganz anderen Waffe schossen, deren Patronenhülsen mitnahmen und statt dessen die von einem NATO-Gewehr hinlegten, wie es auch bei dem Attentat auf die US-Botschaft verwendet worden sein soll.Auf oder neben dem (die Berichte widersprechen sich hier) Klapp- oder Gartenstuhl lag ein Fernglas, unter dem sich der erste Bekennerbrief befand, der wie immer nur ein paar allgemeine Parolen enthielt. Das Herrhausen-Attentat lehrt, daß solche Spuren nicht unbedingt etwas mit der Tat zu tun haben müssen, möglicherweise über deren wahren Hergang hinwegtäuschen oder einfach den Medien Stoff für ihre Berichte geben sollen. Ein Tatort völlig ohne Spuren würde die Aufmerksamkeit womöglich allzu-sehr auf die unheimlichen Qualitäten des »RAF-Phantoms« lenken, irgendwelche Gegenstände wie Ferngläser verleihen ihm immerhin noch menschliche Züge.Ging vor dem Attentat wie immer alles zielsicher daneben, beginnt danach die große Medien- und Öffentlichkeitsinszenierung. Für die Fernsehkameras gibt es etwas zu sehen, als BKA-Beamte vor dem Rohwedder-Haus eine große Laser-Light-Show arrangieren, indem sie mögliche Schußbahnen mit einem Laserstrahl nachzeichnen. Für die Fahndung nach den Tätern bringt das überhaupt nichts. Aber dafür gibt es ja die große Ringfahndung, die unmittelbar nach den tödlichen Schüssen ausgelöst wurde.dpa-Korrespondent Gerd Korinthenberg beobachtete die Polizei bei der Arbeit.(192: Gerd Korinthenberg in einem Gespräch mit den Autoren) Erstaunt nahm er beispielsweise zur Kenntnis, wie Autos vor den Polizeisperren an der Rheinbrücke einfach zurücksetzten, umdrehten und davonfuhren. Fußgänger wurden erst gar nicht kontrolliert. Korinthenberg ging sogar auf einen Beamten an einer Absperrung mit der Frage zu, ob er ihn nicht überprüfen wolle. Antwort: »Wir haben gerade andere Sorgen.« Das wunderte den großen, dunkelhaarigen dpa-Korrespondenten um so mehr, »als ich, wenn ich mal mit dreihundertneunzig Urlaubern aus Mallorca am Flughafen ankomme, als einziger immer kontrolliert werde.«Als nächstes kam Korinthenberg an einem Streifenwagen mit weit offenem Kofferraum vorbei, in dem einladend eine Maschinenpistole lag: »Ich hätte die umnieten können, ohne daß die überhaupt gewußt hätten, was los ist.« Einigermaßen verstört setzte der Korrespondent seinen Weg vom Tatort in das dpa-Büro fort, der ihn auch am nordrhein-westfälischen Innenministenum vorbeiführt. Friedlich lagen dort drei Maschinenpistolenmagazine mit neunzig Schuß scharfer Munition auf dein Pflaster. »Komödienstadel« und »Fahndungsfarce « sind die Ausdrücke, die einem hierzu einfallen.Und während es mit der Kontrolle der Passanten rund um den Tatort eher haperte, wurden im Polizeipräsidium ortsfremde Polizisten vor dem Einsatz zuerst akribisch nach ihren Personalien befragt. »Für meinen Geschmack war das Aktionismus mit starken Merkmalen von Konfusion«, faßt dpa-Korrespondent Korinthenberg seine Eindrücke in einem Gespräch mit den Autoren zusammen.Seine Erlebnisse waren durchaus kein Einzelfall. So war auch ein Lokalreporter der WESTDEUTSCHEN LANDESZEITUNG nach dem Attentat mit seinem Pkw in den »Fahndungsring« geraten. Da er genügend Ortskenntnis besaß, vermied er den Stau vor der Südbrücke und fuhr in Richtung Fleher-Brücke, die er ungehindert passieren konnte.(193: Siegener Hochschulzeitung, 3/91)Solche »Schlampereien« hinterlassen in der Tat den Eindruck, daß hier lediglich eine große Medienshow veranstaltet wird, bei der niemand wirklich glaubt, einen Täter dingfest zu machen. Ob solche Nachlässigkeiten nun die Ursache oder die Wirkung des Umstands sind, daß das »RAF«-Phantom regelmäßig entwischt, ist vorerst offen. Dazu paßt jedenfalls die Aussage, die ein Polizeisprecher einem anderen Journalisten gegenüber machte: So liefen die Fahndungsmaßnahmen immer ab, man wolle damit lediglich eine gewisse »Unruhe« in dem Stadtteil erzeugen. Von einer derartigen »Unruhe« dürften sich professionelle Täter wie die unter dem Label der »RAF« operierenden wohl kaum beeindrucken lassen.Ein weiterer Reporter, der die Arbeit der Sonderkommission Rohwedder beobachtete, lag mit seinen Kollegen »schon immer unterm Tisch« vor Lachen, wenn die Beamten wieder mal ihre »Hauptspuren« referierten, »weil das immer das gleiche war«: irgendwelche »unbekannten Personen«, die sich im Tierheim einen Hund ausleihen wollten. Die Fahnder »rannten gegen eine Wand, es gibt letztlich keine Chance, die zu kriegen«, erinnert sich der Journalist an die Stimmung bei der Polizei.Falsche Sicherheit und viele Fragen»Mögliche Zielpersonen« sollen durch »verdeckte Maßnahmen « beobachtet werden. »Wochenendaufenthalte « sind ein »Schwerpunkt der Aufklärung« - das ist nicht etwa ein Strategiepapier der »RAF« zum sicheren Ausspähen möglicher Opfer, sondern jenes »Fahndungskonzept 106« der AG Kripo, das bereits im Fall Herrhausen kläglich versagte. Nach Informationen' des Femsehmagazins Panorama war Detlev Karsten Rohwedder »ausdrücklich« in dieses Fahndungskonzept eingebunden. Und wie die anderen Terroropfer war auch Rohwedder nach einer Reuter-Meldung »seit längerer Zeit ausgespäht« worden, die Täter mithin wiederholt am künftigen Tatort. Doch wie schon bei allen anderen Terroropfern versagten auch bei dem Chef der Treuhand-anstalt sämtliche Schutzmaßnahmen, bei Konzept 106 angefangen. Zu den näheren Umständen dieses Schutzes will man nach dem Attentat im Düsseldorfer Polizeipräsidium »nicht viel sagen«. Doch einmal mehr kommt heraus, daß auch bei dem Mord an Rohwedder wie bei dem Attentat auf Herrhausen Polizeikräfte »zeitnah« vor dem Attentat im Einsatz waren. Nicht direkt am Abend des Attentats, aber irgendwann am 1. April 1991, in dessen letzter Stunde Rohwedder starb.Die Begründung, die diesmal für das Versagen präsentiert wird, ist ebenfalls kaum zu glauben: Das detaillierte Fahndungskonzept, das im Grunde jede mögliche Tatvorbereitung auflistet, soll im Falle Roliwedder »nicht konsequent angewandt worden« sein, sagt der inzwischen verstorbene Hamburger Verfassungsschützer Christian Lochte in Panorama: »Ich will es mal ein bißchen lappisch sagen: Es ist verkommen, wie ich das nenne, zum Peterwagen-Prinzip. Man hat sich in der Regel damit begnügt, einen Peterwagen ums Haus kreisen zu lassen oder den Peterwagen vor die Tür zu stellen.« Auch sonst hat man es nach Panorama-Informationen mit dem Schutz von Deutschlands angefeindetstem Manager nicht so besonders genau genommen. So hatten die Behörden gegenüber von Rohwedders Haus einen »Schrebergärtner« als Beobachter engagiert. Dabei hieß es bei den Fahndungsbehörden, daß dafür »nur speziell geschulte Beamte eingesetzt werden« sollen.Weitere Merkwürdigkeit: Offenbar unterschieden sich die Schutzmaßnahmen an Rohwedders Heimatwohnort von denen an seinem Berliner Arbeitsplatz. Dort sei Rohwedder in die höchste Kategorie 1 eingestuft gewesen, was beispielsweise einen gepanzerten Dienstwagen beinhaltet habe, hieß es. In Düsseldorf habe für Rohwedder dagegen die »laschere« Schutzkategorie 2 gegolten. Zweite Merkwürdigkeit: Erst auf Ersuchen Nordrhein-Westfalens sei Rohwedder schließlich auch in Berlin nur in die Sicherheitsstufe 2 eingestuft worden. Das gehe aus Unterlagen des Berliner Innensenators hervor, meldete die FRANKFURTER RUNDSCHAU. 194 Die Richtigkeit dieser Information vorausgesetzt, beinhaltet sie eine mittlere Sensation: Ein Bundesland mischt sich in die Sicherheitsmaßnahmen eines anderen Bundeslandes ein, mit dem Ziel, den Schutz für einen Topmanager auszudünnen. Die Umsetzung von Sicherheitsmaßnahmen, die Einstufung von Gefährdeten und schließlich die Bereitstellung von Polizeikräften sind eindeutig Ländersache. Also konnte es den nordrhein-westfälischen Behörden auch nicht darum gehen, Polizeikräfte zu sparen. Der bessere Schutz in Berlin hätte eher zu Überlegungen führen müssen, Rohwedder auch in Düsseldorf heraufzustufen, nicht aber dazu, den Schutz in Berlin auch noch zu vermindern.Die Ungereimtheiten setzen sich fort, wenn man die Sicherheitsmaßnahmen an Rohwedders Haus in Düsseldorf-Oberkassel selbst betrachtet. So wurde zwar das Erdgeschoß der Villa mit schußhemmendem Glas ausgestattet, nicht aber das erste Obergeschoß, dessen Fenster die Täter schließlich zielsicher unter Beschuß nahmen. Nun macht aber die Ausstattung nur einer Etage eines Hauses mit schußhemmendem Glas so wenig Sinn, daß die Frage erlaubt sein muß, wie es zu dieser unglaublichen »Panne« kommen konnte. Das wurde jedoch öffentlich nie abschließend geklärt.Klar ist nur, daß das »RAF-Phantom« wieder einmal mit schlafwandlerischer Sicherheit sämtliche Schwachstellen erkannte, zunächst Rohwedders schlecht geschützten Heimatwohnsitz als Tatort auswählte, dann abwartete, bis sich der Treuhand-Chef nur noch hinter gewöhnlichem Glas befand, feuerte und spurlos verschwand.Diese Tatsache fiel auch anderen auf, etwa dem Frankfurter »Sicherheitsexperten« und Privatdetektiv Klaus-Dieter Matschke, den wir später noch eingehender kennenlernen werden. Matschke stammt aus dem Dunstkreis des niedersachsischen Skandal-Innenministeriums, das er über Jahre hinweg mit Informationen und Gerüchten zufolge auch mit sicherheitstechnischem Gerät belieferte. Laut SPIEGEL soll Matschke Verbindungen zu dem niedersächsischen Einsatzleiter des berüchtigten »Celler Loches«, Klaus Vogt, gehabt und versucht haben, diesem einen neuen Job in Sachsen-Anhalt zu verschaffen. 195 Matschkes »KDM Ermittlungsbüro« in Frankfurt bietet umfangreiche Sicherheitsleistungen für die Wirtschaft an, man kann also davon ausgehen, daß Matschke mit den Techniken möglicher Attentäter vertraut ist. In seinem Bücherregal finden sich die Schriften von Clausewitz ebenso wie die von Machiavelli sowie eine Plakette des Bundeskriminalamtes: Mit Dank für die »hervorragende Zusammenarbeit«.In dem Heft DEUTSCHE POLIZEI vom September 1991 nimmt Sicherheitsmann Matschke die Taten der »RAF« unter die Lupe: »Geht man davon aus, daß der -harte Kern- der RAF durch die Festnahmen der letzten Jahre weitgehend -ausgetrocknet- ist und der Großteil der Mitglieder in Gefängnissen einsitzt und von weiteren nennenswerten Nachfolgegenerationen nichts bekannt ist, so verwundert es nicht, daß von Sicherheitsexperten die These vertreten wird, die jüngsten Anschläge gegen Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, den Chef der Treuhandanstalt und deren Büros seien jedenfalls nicht im Alleingang von der RAF begangen worden. Auch die Wahl der Mittel, nämlich Gewehr mit Zielfernrohr und Bombe [im Fall Herrhausen, Anm. d. Autoren] sprechen für einen militärtechnischen Hintergrund«, so Matschke. »Daß dennoch Generalbundesanwalt (GBA) und BKA die Attentate auf Rohwedder und die Berliner Treuhand der RAF an lasten, ist lediglich Zeichen der Hilflosigkeit angesichts fehlender tatsächlicher Anhaltspunkte« - was wiederum auch bei der RAF auf »erhöhte Professionalität« hinweise. Indem er auf den »militärischen Hintergrund« und die »Professionalität« der »RAF«-Taten hinweist, bricht Matschke hier ein entscheidendes Tabu - er bringt die Beteiligung eines Geheimdienstes an den Taten der »RAF« ins Spiel. Ohne Beteiligung eines Nachrichtendienstes hält er diese Morde nicht für denkbar. Freilich ist Matschke ebenfalls davon überzeugt, daß der Allzweck-Sündenbock »Stasi« in Wahrheit hinter den Morden steckt. Doch nach Lage der Dinge ist dies eher unwahrscheinlich (siehe Kapitel 16, Die »RAF-Stasi-Connection«). Und schließlich: Wenn es der »Stasi« gelungen sein soll, die »RAF« zu infiltrieren und zu instrumentalisieren, warum dann nicht auch anderen Geheimdiensten? Nur wenige formulierten diese »ungestellten Fragen nach dem Rohwedder-Mord«, daranter die Zeitschrift der IG Medien, PUBLIZISTIK & KUNST: »Wer sich fragt, warum seit 1981 noch nicht ein einziger terroristischer Mordfall vom Bundeskriminalamt aufgeklärt wurde und warum nicht die Medien - wie sonst bei Kapitalverbrechen, bei denen keine Fahndungserfolge vorliegen - sehr kritisch hinterfragen, kommt in den Medien nicht zum Zuge. Niemand fragte öffentlich, ob denn wirklich alle Spuren verfolgt werden oder nicht doch nur die offensichtlich falschen, ob denn wirklich eine total unbekannte RAF-Generation an der Reihe ist oder nicht doch eine ziemlich bekannte, etwa aus internationalen Geheimdienstkreisen, ob denn Zimmermann, Beckurts, Herrhausen und Rohwedder nicht auch Feinde außerhalb der Linken hatten, innerhalb des Systems des Großen Geldes im In- und Ausland etwa. « 196Diese Frage stellt in der Tat niemand. Dafür machen die Massenmedien nach dem Rohwedder-Mord in Sachen »Stasi«-»RAF« alles klar. Sie entwerfen gar ein neues Namens-Logo für die Truppe, der Stern ist jetzt in der Mitte, links steht »STASI«, rechts »RAF«. Für die inzwischen eingestellte QUICK etwa war das »mörderische Bündnis« bereits ausgemachte Sache, obwohl selbst Offizielle aus den »Sicherheitsbehörden« zugeben, in Sachen Rohwedder dafür keine Hinweise zu haben. Das Blatt, in dem selbst Reporter mit Geheimdienstverbindungen schrieben, lenkte den Verdacht nachdrücklich auf die »Stasi«. So sei Herrhausen der letzte Fall gewesen, »in dem Terroristen von RAF und Stasi erwiesenermaßen zusammengearbeitet haben«. Natürlich gab es bei Herrhausen dafür in Wahrheit überhaupt keine Beweise, und es steht zu befürchten, daß auch die QUICK-Beweise in Sachen Rohwedder von ähnlicher Qualität sind. In bezug auf die auf den BKA-Fahndungsplakaten gesuchten »mutmaßlichen Terroristen«, von denen man im wesentlichen nur weiß, daß sie seit Jahren verschwunden sind, hämmerte das Blatt seinem Publikum ein: »Jeder dieser acht RAF-Terroristen [das Unschuldsprinzip gilt hier freilich nicht; Anm. d. Autüren] kommt als potentieller Mörder im Fall Rohwedder in Betracht. Jeder dieser acht RAF-Terroristen könnte zugleich Handlanger der Stasi gewesen sein.« Zum Rohwedder-Attentat textete die QUICK nach Art einer Werbeagentur:»Das ideale Umfeld für Spitzel. Der ideale Platz für einen Todesschützen. Das ideale Opfer für RAF und Stasi.« Und zum Schluß, im Fettdruck: »Das mörderische Bündnis hat sich in Deutschland noch lange nicht verabschiedet.«197Aus vielerlei Gründen, die in nachfolgenden Kapiteln noch eingehend behandelt werden, ist eine Verantwortlichkeit der »Stasi« für sogenannte »RAF«-Attentate nach 1981 so gut wie ausgeschlossen.Briefe vom schießenden SeelsorgerZu den am Tatort bewußt zurückgelassenen Spuren gehört ein erstes »Bekennerschreiben«, in dem der Name Rohwedder nicht einmal genannt wird. Text: »Wer nicht kämpft, stirbt auf Raten. Gegen den Sprung der impelialistischen Bestie - unser Sprung im Aufbau revolutionärer Gegenmacht. Die Bedingungen für menschenwürdiges und selbstbestimmtes Leben im Kampf gegen die reaktionären großdeutschen und westeuropäischen Pläne zur Unterwerfung und Ausbeutung der Menschen hier und im Trikont durchsetzen! Zusammen kämpfen und wir werden zusammen siegen! Rote Armee Fraktion Kommando Ulrich Wessel«.Die ermittelnden Beamten vor Ort gingen davon aus, daß das Schreiben »echt« sei, hieß es bei der Bundesanwaltschaft. Wie Beamte das an Ort und Stelle - vielleicht durch Handauflegen - erkennen können, bleibt ein Rätsel.198 Die Bundesanwaltschaft rechne damit, so die Nachrichtenagentur Reuter weiter, daß die »RAF« wie schon bei früheren Anschlägen »diesem kurzen Bekennerbrief ein längeres, detailliertes Schreiben folgen läßt«.Der von Unbekannten hinterlassene Brief führt zu Schlagzeilen wie »RAF gibt den Mord an Rohwedder zu« (SÜDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG). Tatsächlich trifft Tage später ein mit Nadeldrucker hergestellter ausführlicherer Bekennerbrief ein.Wie immer sei die »Authentizität« dieser Bekennerschreiben natürlich »leicht festzustellen«, meldet am 3. April 1991 die Nachrichtenagentur dpa. Möge auch der Sinn der Parolen verborgen bleiben, so die Reporter, den Ermittlern dienten sie »als Hinweis auf die Authentizität der Schreiben«. Experten des Bundeskriminalamtes untersuchten »jedes Wort einer Bekennung, vergleichen Inhalt, Satzbau und die Form des RAF-Emblems mit älteren Bekennerschreiben«. So könnten sich die Sicherheitsbehörden von der Täterschaft der »RAF« überzeugen, die Täter aber bleiben verborgen. Das »Kommando Ulrich Wessel« habe ein Bekennerschreiben hinterlassen, »aus dem sich wiederum am Ende nur eines sicher ergeben dürfte - Täter war die RAF.« Bundeskriminalamt und Bundesanwaltschaft hätten »keine Zweifel«, daß der Bekennerbrief »echt« sei. 199 Was von solchen Behauptungen zu halten ist, ist inzwischen bekannt. Die Bekennerschreiben sind weder ein Beweis für die Täterschaft einzelner Personen noch einer Gruppe namens »RAF«.In dem »RAF«-Brief vom April 1991 wird Rohwedder zu einem seit Jahrzehnten menschenfressend den Ungeheuer hochstilisiert, der sich zuletzt als Chef des Hoesch-Konzerns »als brutaler Sanierer« erwiesen habe. Er habe »bei Hoesch innerhalb von wenigen Jahren mehr als 2/3 aller Arbeiterinnen rausgeschmissen und den bankrotten Konzern zu neuen Profitraten geführt.«Selbst die linke taz verweist solche Parolen in das Reich der Phantasie: »Tatsächlich hat Rohwedder bei Hoesch nicht einen einzigen Stahlarbeiter > kicked <. Mit seinem Sanierungskurs rettete er Hoesch vor der Pleite, sicherte über zehntausend Arbeitsplätze und sorgte in Zusammenarbeit mit den Betriebsräten, der IG Metall und mit Unterstützung der Bundesregierung dafür, dass niemand entlassen wurde. Statt dessen schieden die älteren Arbeitnehmer Jahr für Jahr über den Sozialplan, der bis zur Rente neunzig Prozent des Nettoeinkommens garantierte, frühzeitig aus. So wurde der Belegschaftsabbau geschafft, ohne daß auch nur ein einziger Hoesch-Beschäftigter in die Arbeitslosigkeit entlassen worden wäre.«200
But this raises the question stupid think like the authors of the "RAF" letters, the West German population actually.
As always depends on the crude argument and the political babble of the "RAF" against "Germany's" Great Power plans: "The West needs to retain its great power plans, the ex-GDR as a functioning capitalist part - after all, is the key element, on the political power is based here, the economic power. "The command can understand his action" against one of the architects of Germany as a major action taken by this reactionary development of a root. " In much of the unknown command is issued in a kind of psychology and Marxism for intellectual-graders. "Capital strategists as Rohwedder was one leaves, it comes, the conditions for the attack on the soul of the people and their deep deformation, which she isolated from each other and builds seemingly insurmountable walls between them to create, write, the shooting pastor of the "RAF".
with the "RAF" for the Trust?
Significantly to the letter, however, that the perpetrators named "RAF" once again explicitly to a chum out of hand current protest movement. Paragraph, they indulge in criticism of capitalism and trust and take part, the arguments of protesters from Berlin and Leipzig. For the
has fatal consequences. The murder of Rohwedder and "RAF" - term "Stasi"-Connection immediately to the demonstration sites of the new states effect. The demonstration scene comes tumbling down, no one has really feel like in-hand with "RAF" and "secret police" to take to the streets. The whole protest movement can be induced by the embrace of the "RAF" - "Stasi" phantom suddenly on the defensive.
The murder gives the Republic of the much needed unification. "Representatives of all parties, the German Trade Union Federation and the economy expressed appalled and deeply shocked by the assassination" 201
"stop It must now, each other," to assign blame, heralding the Brandenburg . Prime Minister Stolpe the end of the protests a "political show fights, accusations, and the building up of pet hates not solve problems," 202
Casual, the news agency Reuter forth the relationship between peaceful demonstrators and murderers: "Trust - Germany greatest shame wrote "Monday demonstrators on their banners. No wonder the terrorists of the Red Army Faction, known to his assassination, in Rohwedder a so-symbol of the military-industrial saw complex." 203 and Brandenburg Stolpe said the suspect, that should be filled in with the murder of Rohwedder the discontent in the former East Germany, "Dancing in September of this propaganda is trying to inflame the situation and something like sympathy for terrorist groups" to create, he said, according to Reuter 204 The deputy CDU. Chairman de Maiziere was a connection between the murder and the criticism of the activities of the Trust is conceivable. CSU General Secretary Huber asked the klitik the Trust, to stir up any other emotions because of the bad social situation. The former CDU / CSU faction leader Dregger said government and opposition, business and trade unions, political parties, associations and churches had a common task: to make the political unity of Germany as soon as possible, economic and social reality. Rohwedder will hopefully be the last victim, "that reminds us of that obligation." 205
Accordingly, it is indeed difficult to demonstrate. The head of IG Chemie spoke loudly FRANKFURT REVIEW in favor of going for the time being no longer on the road. Such Actions made no sense at a time, as it related to important individual decisions in the Trust Agency in Bonn and in the new federal states. The pre-Easter
protest against the Trust and the Federal Government had after Easter in the "largest demonstration on East German soil," since "that memorable fourth November 1989, could bring as hundreds of thousands of people on the Alexanderplatz, the ailing communist regime falter "(Frankfurter Rundschau), culminate to. 150,000 people expected the IG Metall to the rally with her boss Franz Steinkühler. But "from nine hundred buses that cart was originally the metals from the moribund Eastern Germany in the capital should have suddenly become one hundred eighty-four ", the FRANKFURTER RUNNSCHAU. Instead of only hunderffünfzigtausend thirty-five thousand participants of the speech, and to "yes make false connections, had been omitted on the Alexanderplatz Kundgebungsort. There, after all, the Trust Agency established ", the RUNDSCHAU.206
is interesting that the" RAF "Phantom of the development in his day after the crime incident" letter of confession, "has already commented. About the devastating effect of his act on the protest movement in the East it says that the unions were trying to channel the protest and to prevent that from industrial action political fight. To this end, "the union bosses are trying to date at the head of the protest movement in the former GDR to be submitted - that they were thinking immediately after our attack on Rohwedder whether to stop the Monday demonstrations, fits right into this line of silent," The unknown sender. wisely, that the opposite is true: they themselves have placed on its attack to the forefront of the protest movement and its so missed the Kiss of Death. The union leaders were forced to act because the attack mustered against all governmental and fiduciary critics a great moral pressure.
Sonja Kemnitz of the "community of interest RAF businesses and trade unions "of the impact of the PDS did"-attack to the point. Headline: "With the RAF for the Trust": "I'm critic of the trust. That is why I'm on the attack against Rohwedder. After all, who must, then, still criticize the Trust, without the suspicion of exposing to sympathize with the murderers. The attack can be used to defame the legitimate thousands Trust criticism that - was practiced in many demonstrations in eastern Germany - hard in the case and without violence. Who really fits it so well in the political landscape? Just as in previous years, the bombings of the Red Brigades in Italy, behind which obviously not only and not even primarily left-wing radicals were "And"? is not conceivable that the current concept is drawn even more determined, "207
The trust critics and demonstrators departed from the threat of the" back RAF "phantom?. The danger lies in such behavior, they do not consider: that can be taken from now on all the latest protest the tip, when someone pretends to shoot in his name.
policy with a corpse
As always takes care of the shooting command with the sender "RAF" in the letter of confession Rohwedder affectionately about the "RAF" prisoners. For every revolutionary movement the world there was "a question of identity, to find ways of freedom of political prisoners. A revolutionary movement, the prisoners are not at heart, can not exist. "Well, so that leads the" RAF "themselves by ado ad absurdum, because as the assassination of Mr. Stockhausen has also to include the location of the" RAF " prisoners catastrophic. The CSU General Secretary Erwin Huber started in the wake of the attack an incredible attack on the rule of law by denying incarcerated prisoners the right to counsel visits. Huber told the Cologne Express that his party think of an inspection, "whether it can still be acceptable that prisoners as RAF terrorists constantly get visits from their lawyers, although in general no method "run .208 after the defense barrier, this is another milestone on the way to the defenseless prisoner who sang, quietly and without the supervision of his confidence disappears behind prison walls. As a pioneer, the "complete" delivery of the "own" comrades to government operates consistently greet leaves: the "RAF".
There is no bread and butter for nothing - the history of Birgit Breuel
The history of the Rohwedder's successor Birgit Breuel, who is responsible for 10,000 to the contractors and several hundred thousand jobs at risk, therefore, the entire economic legacy of the communist German state begins on 7 September 1937 in Hamburg. Certainly not the daughter of a longshoreman, but the millionaire Hanseatic private bankers Alwin Münchmeyer. Münchmeyer, successively head of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce, President of the German Industry and Commerce and the Federal Association of German banks had built up his bank not alone, but taken in the thirties of the Jewish banking family emigrated Rappolt. The Münchmeyer clan reside (s) in the immediate vicinity of the rest of the Hamburg-money aristocracy, including Axel Springer - high above the Elbe in a many thousand square large forest and Vil1enbesitz.
developed for decades, the Münchmeyer family bank stable and merged in 1969 with two other "aryanized" financial institutions, the Hamburg banking house Schroder and Frankfurter Bank Hengst & came Co. out the bank Schroeder Muenchmeyer, Hengst & Co.. (SMH), via years, one of the leading private banks in the Federal Republic, with total assets of up to two billion dollars. Among bankers, it was considered a jewel of the industry. Outside German borders they drove "a very active, and often aggressive trading in Anglo-American" .209 Managing Partner of the Bank: Birgit Breuel brother Hans-Hermann Münchmeyer.
Schroeder Muenchmeyer, Hengst and Co. was a union of the old German money nobility with established relations with the head of U.S. investment banking. The ancestors of the Schröder Bank, Baron Rudolph von Schroeder was sitting before the Second World War in the management of the Hamburg-America Line (Hapag Lloyd today), then a subsidiary of U.S. investment bank Brown Brothers Harriman. Brown Brothers Harriman, the Bank of George Bush's father Prescott Bush. These historical relations of SMH continued to live in the membership of the SMH shareholder Graf von Galen in the German-American high finance Atlantik-Brücke. Private family Münchmeyer is there until very recently by Birgit Breuel present could also meet here with their former colleagues in Lower Saxony Minister Walther Leisler Kiep. The American Friendship Association, the Atlantic Bridge Trust is ever present thick. In addition to the trust-President are also the director responsible for privatization and the Deputy Chairman of the Board of Trust, Otto Gellert, here. Birgit Breuel
career had taken from the start up speed. After an internship with the Vereinsbank Hamburg they had - but with no conclusion - studied at the finest hotels in Political Science (Hamburg, Geneva and Oxford), was executive assistant at the Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWA) become and began her political Career in 1966 with the admission to the CDU. Four years later she was sitting in the State Parliament, and in 1976 they profiled as an economic spokesperson of the CDU parliamentary group. In June 1978 she was appointed prime minister of Lower Saxony, Ernst Albrecht (CDU) and was Minister of Economic Affairs in its Kabinett.210
equal on the takeover of the ministry they received back in the past by Finance Minister Walther Leisler Kiep occupied unit industrial development. The Ministry of Economy was enjoying it "the harmonious relations with the big brother of Finance," and Atlantic Bridge Kiep-boyfriend, whose family for decades, growing ties with the other Great Brother, the U.S. has. "The boss and Walther Leisler Kiep," so the times are, "as well as optical and Plum Plisch« Even as citizenship .211
deputies had contact with "voters" in Birgit Breuel day program "a lot of space. So they talk a lot with "companies that worried about their supply of raw materials or would like to seek state funds, as well as with regional port operators, which must show itself has grown at the same very strong state competition
" against "government competition Birgit Breuel had from the beginning objection to some. As Minister of Economic Affairs of Lower Saxony it was a "spectacular denationalization and Entbürokratisierungskampagne" los, "said the subsidy mischief to the fight, took a firm stand for the restriction of the telecommunications monopoly and for the Aufbebung of territorial monopolies of the electricity industry and promoted wherever it went, for less government and more individual initiative in the economy." 213
privatization drive, apparently the American model Copied took, sometimes to ludicrous: "If it were up to our Minister, then would likely" even the armed forces that are privatized, an official scoffed from the Lower Saxony Ministry of Economics. »Transport services, city halls, museums, swimming pools and refuse collection from public works departments are in the free market economy be dismissed. On the privatization list also includes the garages of police, materials testing laboratories and the dredging in the Lower Saxony ports 214 "A special unit under Birgit Breuel was lead to consider the impact of the delivery of public services in private hands" would. Also it is not quite view, she hurried her party colleague and Atlantic Bridge Guest Christian Schwarz-Schilling ahead of that post and rail would be operated as a mandatory state-owned enterprises. The privatization of the Post was one of Breuel favorite topics. "System change from the right," the union called the Heinz Kluncker.215
Already Birgit Breuel first published book was offer a glimpse of how things should be. There is no bread and butter for nothing - a plea for "maximum possible ownership of the individual," the verdict of the FAZ. Individuals such as mothers of adult children had to laugh at Birgit Breuel as anything. The call for public financing to refresh outdated professional knowledge of such women, she brushed off by saying, "That everyone should do for themselves. The state is not a cow that everyone can milk at will. "In any case, not every petty bourgeois. The dispossessed, the scandal casino concessionaires Hanover / Bad Pyrmont said the former Finance Minister Breuel in Hanover Hotel Queen Luise " a generous compensation to. "Gentlemen, it is not just a sandwich," 217
The little people were, as I said, worse off with Birgit Breuel. Thus, they argued the late seventies, not only against the coal penny, but turned against it, to clean up the Ruhr region with five billion marks. This would maintain the old structures and competition in the industrial development among the countries verzerrt.218 She wanted the restructuring of the coal also prevents Potts then know if people would migrate there for lack of work. At the same time, the Two and INDICATOR, operate a vigorous boost coal imports. If you like, was the Ruhr a kind of test case for future trust boss. They struggled not only against a support, but also tried to boost the import of competing products. "Rediscovery of joy and self-determination at work," was a modification of earlier Breuelsche makes work-free sayings. Birgit Breuel
heart seemed to include nuclear energy. So they suggested a vote for the fast breeder reactor, the reprocessing of nuclear waste could still "somewhere, take place about in the desert." Sovereign Ernst Albrecht had been the "Greenland" considered. And finally sat in the Friendship Association Atlantic Bridge high-profile Atomlobbylsten like Siemens board member Karl Heinz Beckurts, SEL Board Helmut Lohr, and in general almost the entire leadership of the atom of hearing German industry. What, then there may Birgit Breuel have asked, we want there to coal?
But back to "Plisch and Plum" (Breuel and Kiep) and SMH-Bank. In their shiny facade undergoes a crisis now - Afang the eighties - considerably. The Bank of Birgit Breuel brother and Atlantic Bridge colleague Graf Galen was going to put hundreds of millions in the windy Construction Group of the Horst-Dieter Esch. Esch bought around ailing construction machinery manufacturer and pumped his company to become the third largest Construction company in the world on. But gradually, the construction turned out to be multi-air balloon, in the face of a stagnant construction sector remained empty the coffers, holes were filled with new loans and investments of SMH-Bank. Which had been bound at the mercy of the Esch-group; this would go broke, were also their own credit burst. 'Then Galen, Münchmeyer Co. and the poor more and more money after good. Long the lines between banking and construction company were blurred, the Baumulti something like the subsidiary of the Bank or vice versa.
And now, in the early eighties, had the "SMH Construction Group," another new acquisition made: the Hanoverian equipment manufacturers Hanomag. This could come back right in the drive, he needed ninety million marks for the construction of a new Hanomag factory, it dawned CEO Horst-Dieter Esch. "With some skill," said the mirror, he lynx from the millions of Lower Saxony's Minister and banker's sister Birgit Breuel, "the usually vehemently moves against subsidies of any kind to war" .219 The State, had the "banking Lady with the "unbearable compared to only train the mouth after all, once said, was not the guard, with the help of misguided corporate policy are protected from harsh winds market könne.221
now landed Esch the next coup and took Breuel-bosom friend and Atlantic Bridge-speci Walther Leisler Kiep to the supervisory board of his company. "In Gengenzug", so the mirror could, whose "Versicherunsfirma Gradmann & Holler assure Esch-business." Birgit Breuel 222
later denied to have had the cash injection for Hanomag and thus the bank of her brother to do something. But, as always, even these powerful infusion of money could not save the banking and construction group Group conglomerate. In 1986
Birgit Breuel as Finance Minister in the shoes of the offensive by the party funding scandal became Walther Leisler Kiep, in whose wake they even like to sail. Already In 1982 she had inherited from him the supervisory board of Deutsche Messe AG and exhibition in Hanover. Kiep shone in 1984 as chairman of the public in the little-known U.S. high finance Association Atlantic Bridge.
your thing privatization Birgit Breuel had forgotten over the years before. Critics say she had it apart to some extent not only on material values. For the DGB Regional Executive Wolfgang Schultze Breuel privatization campaign was "a program of social decline in solidarity, try the basic values of solidarity and justice," privatized. They would do well, the. Two and 31 SCOREBOARD October 1979, the privatization efforts of the Minister 'kept in mind. "
Their balance after twelve years in office as Lower Saxony Economic and Finance Minister was devastating, as the Lower Saxony Institute for Economic Research noted. There lay the per capita income of about ten percent below Bundesdurchnitt Lower Saxony and Lower Saxony's share of the economic output of Germany dropped, especially in industrial research and environmental protection investments. The debt of the country, however, rose fivefold, from 7.5 billion to forty Mark.223
The appointment of this "Banking Lady" with good relations with the German and American high finance to the Trust boss should also are not without consequences.
Example 1: Social dumping
The problem of rehabilitation Rohwedder, if there was because one should initially solved by itself, because his contract with the trust was limited until the end of 1990. Then he wanted to return to the board of Hoesch AG, which merged soon after his death the way, with Krupp. In this case, Birgit Breuel was already sitting in the wings, Atlantic-Brücke friend Graf Lambsdorff had in the fall of 1990 as a successor in the trust chairman vorgeschlagen.224
Already under Rohwedder Birgit Breuel was knocked to the line of approach: "The philosophy is clear. The House has clearly stated -. Privatization, renovation, "And where renovations were possible," should "the new owners to advance this," said Mrs. Breuel. Translated, this means that is totally devoid of renovations by the trust, a stark contrast to Rohwedder position. As the "private redevelopment should take place", the Breuelsche After-get-the-flood concept, which was then of course the responsibility of the purchaser. On this issue, they stressed their unity with Detlev Karsten Rohwedder. The "burden of the social dimension need to take other," she told the WELT.225
But from Birgit Breuel rapid ascent has been nothing that could be swayed renovators Rohwedder and 1991 and wanted to stay with the Trust. Observer This could hardly surprising, for how could the Trust president should also bring in a few months decisive progress? But then, on 1 April 1991 was the assassination, and the previously designated successor finally came into play - a choice with which not everyone was happy, even the chancellor should have heard the call "with gritted teeth," 226th presented Especially the SPD across: Wolfgang Roth, the economic spokesman for the Social Democrats, said Mrs. Breuel has been "not yet provided the proof that it has the necessary social sensitivity and the necessary skills to deal with the fate of millions of workers . " A "voted out and not very successful state minister was" not a good choice for the head of the trust, "Roth 227
foreboding should confirm the latest on the wrangling over the so-called" employment companies ". This concept was to use surplus workers from production for the joint training or the much-needed renovation of old environmental burdens. Wages and other costs should have been borne primarily by the employment office. Rather than twiddling one's thumbs with the unemployment money so useful projects have been financed. For many, this was an obvious concept, but not for Birgit Breuel. The resistance of Birgit Breuel
Thanks to that which ultimately only fragments have been realized. When in the early summer of 1991 appeared to have this idea a way out of the brutal processes of business closure, sale and discharge the trust boss pushed immediately before a stop. Letter she said the trust companies, to participate in job placement companies. Probable reason: to be defined as the area of the old company employee working an obstacle to the fastest possible sale of the company have been. That would just better appreciated, the Frankfurter Rundschau, "if all the bonds" of the required cuts in staff are cut. Many investors wanted "from the West prevent contracts have been preserved in its substance, but their team" from the growing army of unemployed people as possible to social dumping conditions, "even with zusammenkaufen.228
prevent their rejection of women's employment companies Breuel "socially acceptable transition of their business entrusted to a market economy", the Berlin district chief of IG Metall, Horst Wagner. They also in contradiction to the policies of her predecessor Det1ev Rohwedder and go "full on confrontation with employees," the Frankfurter RUNDSCHAU.229 first to massive pressure from the unions towards relativized Birgit Breuel this attitude. Only grudgingly "the trustee agreed to a compromise on the future employment companies, in the eyes of the unions but represented only a temporary solution. Despite all the protests it was in central Breuel receivables remained, according to which trust companies should not directly participate in the job placement companies and labor contracts expired and then employed with the old company.
Example 2: Corporate Sales at rummage
Also in terms of rehabilitation, it went under Breuel in the opinion of observers from the opposition and Rohwedder vicinity more than likely very different among the Hoesch-chief. After these assessments the Trust president in the future would probably have more "switched over to the reorganization. He would have seen that the privatization policy leads to such social dislocations that he had set the course differently, such as through the establishment or enhancement of rehabilitation department at the house of the Trust and by the consolidation of management functions in the headquarters' .230 was the assassination it so far a "discontinuity" given. The increased emphasis on the rehabilitation aspect is also originally from Rohwedder personality structure and social-democratic background probably gewesen.231
ago, the NEW GERMANY, Birgit Breuel was the Social Democrats Rohwedder will not deviate - have been placed on its side so that the 'hard' Trust Line - privatization at any price. With the appointment of Birgit Breuel to trust the boss turned the situation around, however.
sooner had Detlev Karsten Rohwedder under the earth, attracted experts, politicians and the business press account: "Privatisation", according to the BUSINESS WEEK was, as the "main purpose" of the trust "still little advanced" .232 in late February 1991, after seven months were only six hundred companies sold, 233 in late March tausend.234 That was the balance of Detlev Karsten Rohwedder term as Trustee boss.
This should be quick to change, "privatization is taking off," reported to embarrass Mr on 13 July 1991. The new trust-President (annual salary of seven hundred thousand dollars) 235 exaggerating the privatization of "leading by massive pressure, seconded the ECONOMY WEEK. "What have you changed personally," asked the Journal of the Trust Warden. Answer: "The pace of privatization, because I see in this the greatest opportunity for the rehabilitation of the companies' 236
A WORLD-interview in which she also comments about" cliques "with" criminal energy, "she draws satisfaction record. on their first two months as a trustee boss. At the moment we sell three hundred companies per month, the pace of privatization "So does violence to" The .237 was not exaggerated: in mid-May had sold the trust chief, six hundred companies, as much as Rohwedder in seven months. At the end of 1991 there were desJahres even five thousand, 238 and in July 1992 sechstausendfünfhundert.239
Example 3: Only those who make debt, real money
a big business for the financial sector has also trust the horrendous debt. In March 1992 the SPD, the growing debt of the institute, led by former Lower Saxony Economic and Financial Affairs (five times the national debt while in office) was scathingly critical. was "The" explosively growing need for capital bring a stability-oriented public finance no longer in line, said the SPD deputy Helmut ester. The maximum indebtedness of the Trust will be around one hundred fourteen billion dollars over the next three years in excess of the planned borrowing by the federal government. Ester reiterated the demand of the SPD, the trustee a statutory mandate for active rehabilitation of viable businesses to give. These duties, the Trust now totally inadequate wahr.240
hundred and fourteen billion dollars, it's a huge chunk of money and a huge deal for the crisis-stricken financial industry, which for over a decade with troubled borrowers has to grapple. The Trust Agency, with its borrowing beyond that of the entire Federal Republic was a bright spot in the shaky international financial sector. Not only because of their large capital requirements, but also because of the so-called "triple-A ratings." This triple A gives the world's leading "rating agency" Standard & Poor's just the best possible and most solvent borrowers, without the rating is for example in U.S. financial markets for a long time nothing more. One of the most trustworthy borrowers is one of the Trust Agency as the authority of the German state forever. Any creditor of the trust, including anyone who has money invested in them, a direct claim against the Federal Republic Germany. Instead of dubious dictatorships in Latin America and Southeast Asia is now the economic miracle of Germany as customer credit-if that was not good news.
Borrowing of the trust is to shift gradually from late September 1992, focusing on markets that are to foreign "lenders" interesting. How to get slowly away from commercial paper, money market loans and debentures to so-called bonds, which are also traded on the exchange. On the bond market for the first time, foreign "investors" have (pension funds, mutual funds, etc.), such as from the U.S., a realistic opportunity to participate in the trust business debts. Here to play until 1994, the bulk of the trust borrowing, namely, thirty billion dollars per annum.
And of course, the next the three years provided hundred and fourteen billion just the beginning. The Federal Ministry of Economics expects eventually about three hundred billion dollars. The question of how much debt was eventually caught in really trust could "not answer," said Birgit Breuel the taz. Reason: That the gains from the East German companies have been pulled out and the debts were not to dispose of more economically, "be yes really anything original." And that the debts were stuck at the Trust, have no one "Different discussion." Debt maker Breuel: "That's the way" 241
Example 4: Greetings from the Big Brother
Although the protest movements were now subsided, but the Trust was still standing in the crossfire of criticism from right and left. Press and trade unions complained still doubts about the social deficits and all sorts of scandals, some business decisions to the dozen.
only at the other end of the Atlantic Bridge was one of the THA suddenly completely satisfied. Detlev Karsten Rohwedder had still left an ambiguous response, the U.S. contractors with the Trust at the time privatization was "too bureaucratic "Felt the American middle-sized companies" because of the complicated procedures and requirements "of investment in Germany's east virtually eliminated, and accused the U.S. firms on the financial and 'ecological legacy of the former East German companies, the new Trustee President ran in the States Doors open one. Birgit Breuel trust delegation floated in November 1991, not with a scheduled but on board the corporate jet of an American investment bank. "For the" Atlantic Erin's visit was a home game: instead of a frosty atmosphere as Rohwedder there was praise. "Never before, said a U.S. entrepreneur, he was in an investment project in Overseas experience better and more cooperative partner in the Berlin A1S THA. At all stages of his five-day U.S. visit, accompanied the Trustee Tross "almost full recognition and much interest," noted the time: "Had applause and Beachtun alone measure of success, would Breuel travel qualify as small triumph" 242
"Fast. only abroad "will be Birgit Breuel celebrated for their frenzied success in privatization, quoted the star:" In their travels in the U.S. or the UK are their recognition and applause from even the most hardened Anglo-Saxon business people safe. There she is considered the 'most powerful woman in Germany'. " A great career for the banker's daughter Birgit Breuel. If it requires the lag, the STAR, "can Birgit Breuel, however, also suggested to maintain the conversation and be a really charming, before they then persevere to the point is -. As if to animate such as British entrepreneurs to companies buying in East Germany," 243
What had happened? Now, barely in office, had Birgit Breuel, the American criticism of Rohwedder almost literally resorted to and announced should "that get better as they wish now," SMEs in the West in the privatization of the course than before, the sales contracts to be simplified and the assumption of liabilities for environmental and financial legacy to be made more transparent sollten.244
The interest of foreign companies on acquisitions of East German company was already in mid-May "increased significantly" .245 In the new trust boss has "made considerable steam," as her spokesman Franz Wauschkuhn said.
"As a springboard to the East, the FAZ reported on 21 May 1991 would promise to invest in East Germany "in the long term good sales opportunities. American companies that have so far tried in vain to establish themselves in the rather difficult West German market through a merger and acquisition foot, also have the opportunity now, relatively quickly and with relatively little bureaucracy effort to establish the German market. "Even the world reported the end of May 1991, which would encourage trust in the weeks to strengthen U.S. and Japanese companies to invest in eastern Germany.
mid-November 1991 finally opened the Treuhand her office in New York. "Convince Ender as former German visitors", noted the FAZ, Birgit Breuel "have pointed out the benefits of engagement in East Germany" It could also concern about property issues, environmental impacts and old debts "clear today with the assurance" from the way that all these matters were "regulated and no investment barriers darstellten.246
Just four weeks after Detlev Karsten Rohwedder's death, the Trust Agency has performed with a new "retail concept" to the public. Reason: The French and the British complained about the cumbersome bureaucracy and their little familiar, it shuddered before the Japanese takeover of social burdens. Feverishly being worked on the concept in order to win customers from other European countries, USA and Japan. Core of the new strategy: the involvement of "international investment banks, on behalf of the trust whole" business packages to offer. " 247 "International" here could really be called the only "American" and "British", as the big "international Investment banks are almost all American or British companies. Even this requirement of the Americans rushed to meet Rohwedder, Birgit Breuel.
presented Indeed, a year later that the trust since mid-1991 more and more switches such banks, which play a kind of broker role in corporate sales. So far this had indeed until eighty companies have been privatized, the FAZ reported on 03/04/1992: "But are included such high-profile cases such as the sale of the Hotel Inter AG to German and foreign investors on the British investment bank fifth G. Warburg, and privatization of Minol AG and hydrogenation Zeitz GmbH, a consortium Elf Aquitaine, Thyssen Trade Union Berlin and the German SB-Kauf AG through the mediation of Goldman Sachs Eng operates the Trust, together with Goldman Sachs, SG Warburg, CSFB Credit Suisse First Boston, Price Waterhouse Corporate Finance, JP Morgan and Merrill Lynch. "So I, for example, Goldman Sachs the mandate to find all ten petrochemical companies in eastern Germany international buyers.
The British and American investment bankers from the realm of the Atlantic Bridge are satisfied: cooperation was "extremely constructive and close, they applauded. The trust will pay internationally popular, but not lavish fees, making a quick buck is not to make though. For serving trust business, but tried as an entry in the German market for mergers and acquisitions, and now this business of keeping the big German banks among themselves. So far, investment banks played on the British and U.S. cut in the German M & A business (Mergers & Acquisitions M & = Betei1igungen) is hardly a role. Unanimously stated at Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch and SG Warburg that the German M & A business by the Trust for privatization and foreign investment banks open, the whole style of M & A business in Germany this change. The investment banks have already reported from the first follow-up orders Others came from the Industrie.248
in East Germany not that good the shop: were "Not all investment houses and merchant banks from the trust," considered, with major contracts, reports the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Reserved outer mainly the merchant bank Morgan Grenfell, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bank: "In London you can hear, however, the integration of Morgan Grenfell to the German bank was in this business not just been beneficial," The trust was not on the German banks well. to speak, as it guarantees for liquidity credits hätten.249
thanks passed to the "RAF"
At the conclusion remains is a conclusion about the stop of the so-called "RAF" of Detlev Karsten Rohwedder raw
to draw. With their attack the perpetrators wanted to be at the forefront of the protest movement, as always fight for the imprisoned "RAF" prisoners and the "reactionary development" in the East "to take root." Looking back, leaving only the sarcastic formula: Operation successful, patient dead, the shooting resulted achieve command in its entirety the exact opposite of what was there before to do.
was for the democratic protest movement in the east against the broken election promise that the government, the sell-out of the trust and the closure of establishments, the assassination of the Kiss of Death. Together with murderers, no one wanted to demonstrate and protest, the demonstration buses remained empty.
also for the so-called "prisoners from the RAF," was the assassination of a disaster. Firebrands of the right as the CSU General Secretary Huber brought the final blow against vital democratic rights of prisoners. The "RAF" prisoners came as a traditional wire-pullers suspected. They still go in the opinion of so-called "security politicians" to the logistics of operating outside "RAF" and are therefore almost automatically responsible for every murder.
Lastly the 'RAF' command and the "reactionary Development in Eastern and West Germany forward purposefully. With the death Rohwedder was ruthlessly driven domestic policy, from the requirement of access to the Stasi files to the protection of so-called "undercover agents", thus the installation of a system of Stasi spy proportions. "System changers from the right," and this is not a polemical exaggeration, and this attack was welcome to the Federal Republic or to control a bit more towards a totalitarian state.
The reactionary development to the east brought the murder briskly forward. With the installation of the politician Breuel could finally take place without hindrance of the huge redistribution process according to the American crop, which reads: privatize profits, socialize losses. Such was also the "Big Brother," USA, alleged "imperialist nemesis" of the "RAF", in the end completely satisfied. The concessions of the trust to the companies, such as the absence of takeover by investors of the contaminated sites, paid by the German taxpayer. The flow of three hundred or more billion German content via escrow accounts in the coffers of corporations. The German taxpayers helping to clean up the crisis-ridden international banking, which he came as a major new borrowers just right. The question of why the trustee not saving more money instead of making more and more debt is as naive. Long but also quite different interests from the sound financial management within the meaning of citizenship. Those who save rather than borrow, raubt.den banks profits. This is not just Joe Public so, but also between States and international banks. Can thank the Germans including the "RAF".
